Why does Odysseus hide his true identity?

     Since it has been a long time since he has left Ithaca, Odysseus doesn't know who is truly faithful to him. To figure out if Eumaeus is genuinely loyal to him or just faking it. To successfully kill or drive the suitors away, he needs a reliable servant. To test this, Odysseus disguises himself as a poor old man who has spent some time with Odysseus at the Trojan War. He finds out that Eumaeus is a loyal swineherd, since he worries about Odysseus with his heart and prays for his return.
     Odysseus also tries to raise his reputation by praising himself at the warfare, disguising as an old man. He makes up a story about Odysseus and builds up some accomplishments that raise his reputation.

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